PAPAL STATES • FREE-TRANSLATOR.COM • Definition of Papal States

... carry on a civil government on ecclesiastical principles. He loved his people, and, personally and generally, was beloved by them; but the progress of liberalism and democracy had driven out of the Papal States, or into a mute and inflexible opposition, all the most active and potent intellects amongst them, and the clergy without them could not administer the government; so that, wishing to do good to his subjects, he could not improve their political condition ...

— The Autobiography of a Journalist, Volume I • Stillman, William James